Claudi, R., 1995.   Zebra Mussel Mitigation; Overview,  Environment Department, Ontario Hydro

Proceedings of The Fifth International Zebra Mussel and Other Aquatic Nuisance Organisms Conference, Toronto, Canada, February 1995

Zebra Mussel Mitigation: Overview

Abstract:
Zebra mussels cause a number of problems to industrial raw water users as well as having serious impact on civil structures exposed to mussel infested waters.
The largest volume of water (up to 90% of the total) drawn into most industrial and power generating plants, is for cooling and heat transfer. The rest of the volume is used for other plant processes, such as make-up in steam systems, and service systems used for cleaning, air conditioning, fire protection and human consumption. All raw water systems are vulnerable to zebra mussel infestation to greater or lesser degree.

To-date, many different chemical and non-chemical techniques for zebra mussel control have been investigated. However, the treatment of choice for most facilities is based on chemical control. This has been the common practice in Europe and so far it has been the case in North America. This is likely to change as the environmental constraints on release of chemicals into natural water bodies continue to increase.

This paper deals with the different steps raw water users should take when deciding on a mitigation strategy, the mitigation measures available to-date and those that have been proposed for the control of zebra mussels in industrial systems.

Entire Paper
Keywords: Chemical_control, Industry, Prevention, Zebra_mussel
Product Type: Publication, Proceedings
User Type: Industrial_and_municipal