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Holmes, J.A., F.W.H. Beamish, J.G. Seelye, S.A. Sower, and J.H. Youson, 1994. Long-term Influence of Water Temperature, Photoperiod, and Food Deprivation on Metamorphosis of Sea Lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, University of Guelph. Reprinted from Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (1994) 51(9): 2045-2051 Long-term Influence of Water Temperature, Photoperiod, and Food Deprivation on Metamorphosis of Sea Lamprey, Petromyzon marinusAfter 11 mo in the laboratory, significantly more sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, larvae from the Chippewa River, Michigan, metamorphosed in an ambient temperature regime (3 2 animalsˇtank-1) compared with a fixed 21ēC temperature (0 animals); photoperiod and food deprivation did not have detectable effects on the incidence of metamorphosis. Metamorphosing animals in our laboratory study were significantly smaller in size (length and weight) and had a lower condition factor (CF) than animals from the same population that metamorphosed a year earlier under field and shorter term laboratory conditions. We also predicted, using criteria of 120 mm, 3.0 g, and a CF of 1.50, that 12 and 14% of the animals in the ambient and fixed temperature regimes, respectively, would metamorphose. Our prediction for the ambient temperature did not differ significantly from observed (11%). We suggest that larvae in land locked populations of sea lamprey that are at least 120 mm long, weigh 3.0 g, and have a CF of 1.50 or greater in the fall can be predicted to metamorphose the following summer. Furthermore, our data show that low temperature during the winter followed by rising temperature in the spring is the primary environmental cue initiating metamorphosis in sea lamprey. Entire Paper |